近(jin)年來中(zhong)國作為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)開采(cai)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)領(ling)頭國，生(sheng)產240個品種的(de)花崗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)總產量約占世界的(de)65%。在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)占有(you)重(zhong)要地位。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要包括石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)磨削和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)拋(pao)光(guang)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)主(zhu)要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磨料和(he)(he)陶(tao)瓷磨料。在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)，鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)占整個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)的(de)50%以(yi)上。目前，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等硬(ying)脆材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)各種金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)。由于(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是自然界已知的(de)硬(ying)物質，其(qi)優(you)異性能(neng)決定其(qi)在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)等硬(ying)脆材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領(ling)域具(ju)(ju)有(you)廣闊的(de)發展(zhan)前景。應用(yong)(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)硬(ying)脆材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式主(zhu)要有(you)圓鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)片切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帶鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)框架鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)串珠繩鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)等。重(zhong)慶(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)盡(jin)管(guan)每種方法(fa)有(you)不同的(de)特(te)點和(he)(he)應用(yong)(yong)范圍，但(dan)其(qi)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)機(ji)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磨損機(ji)理(li)(li)(li)卻大(da)致相同。由于(yu)(yu)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)主(zhu)要的(de)用(yong)(yong)途，因此，深入研究(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)機(ji)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)磨損機(ji)理(li)(li)(li)對于(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)剛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)合理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)造與(yu)正確使用(yong)(yong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要意義。

一(yi)同石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礦產的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度程度是不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)起來(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)具有必定的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨難(nan)，這就(jiu)(jiu)歲石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)提出(chu)了(le)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，通常來(lai)說，對(dui)于石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)顆粒分(fen)布(bu)較均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)起來(lai)比(bi)照(zhao)簡略，因為全(quan)體性質(zhi)都(dou)比(bi)照(zhao)附近，在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時分(fen)顆粒比(bi)照(zhao)細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)起那(nei)些(xie)片狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)說加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)也(ye)簡略一(yi)些(xie)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)料很之謎的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)懈怠的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)也(ye)簡略，所以(yi)在選(xuan)擇(ze)濟公東(dong)西(xi)和對(dui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)東(dong)西(xi)參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)上就(jiu)(jiu)顯得尤為重(zhong)要。現在通常的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)慶(qing)石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)東(dong)西(xi)普(pu)片都(dou)選(xuan)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)具，石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)活絡翻開(kai)，對(dui)于金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)刀(dao)具也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)提出(chu)了(le)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，不(bu)只(zhi)需要者(zhe)這些(xie)刀(dao)具在石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切開(kai)進程中(zhong)要切開(kai)活絡，運用壽數也(ye)要很長，一(yi)同還需要可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)林林總總的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)進行切開(kai)，對(dui)與切開(kai)質(zhi)量需要也(ye)要更(geng)高，因為金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)具有金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)特(te)性，所以(yi)可(ke)以(yi)極好的(de)(de)(de)(de)跋涉(she)切開(kai)功率(lv)和一(yi)斤運用壽數和跋涉(she)工(gong)(gong)作率(lv)。

主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi):自(zi)(zi)動多頭連續研磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、金剛石校平機(ji)(ji)(ji)、橋式(shi)磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、圓盤磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、逆轉式(shi)粗磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、手扶磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。3、切(qie)(qie)(qie)斷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)斷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)用(yong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將毛板(ban)或(huo)拋光板(ban)按所(suo)需(xu)規格尺寸(cun)進(jin)行(xing)定形切(qie)(qie)(qie)割加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)縱向多鋸片切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、橫向切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、橋式(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、懸臂式(shi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、手搖切(qie)(qie)(qie)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。4、鑿(zao)切(qie)(qie)(qie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)鑿(zao)切(qie)(qie)(qie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)是(shi)傳統的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法，通過楔裂、鑿(zao)打、劈剁(duo)、整修、打磨(mo)等辦(ban)法將毛胚加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成所(suo)需(xu)產品，其表(biao)面可(ke)以是(shi)菠蘿面、龍(long)眼(yan)面、荔枝面、自(zi)(zi)然(ran)面、蘑菇面、拉(la)溝面等等。鑿(zao)切(qie)(qie)(qie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)使用(yong)手工(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，像(xiang)是(shi)錘(chui)、剁(duo)斧(fu)、鏨(zan)子(zi)、鑿(zao)子(zi)等，不過有些加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程可(ke)以使用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)完(wan)成，重(zhong)慶(qing)石材(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設備(bei)(bei)是(shi)劈石機(ji)(ji)(ji)、刨石機(ji)(ji)(ji)、自(zi)(zi)動錘(chui)鑿(zao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、自(zi)(zi)動噴砂機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。

由于(yu)(yu)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)時(shi)的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削力遠小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)成型切(qie)割(ge)時(shi)的(de)(de)切(qie)削阻力，所以裝夾磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)，在床(chuang)頭箱一端(duan)，只使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中心孔(kong)支承即可(ke)。視(shi)被磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)石材材質(zhi)不(bu)同，磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料的(de)(de)級(ji)配也有所區別。如加工(gong)(gong)(gong)花(hua)崗石時(shi)，可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)5種(zhong)粗細不(bu)同的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)理石可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)“種(zhong)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料。由于(yu)(yu)欄桿(gan)柱(zhu)(zhu)、花(hua)瓶等制品的(de)(de)輪廓線凹凸變化(hua)起伏大(da)，重慶石材加工(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)上述(shu)圓(yuan)環型磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料{艮難(nan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，所以目前(qian)仍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)手動研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)異形回轉體的(de)(de)簡易(yi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)拋(pao)設(she)備(bei)，完(wan)成欄奸柱(zhu)(zhu)等制品的(de)(de)拋(pao)光加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。（二）端(duan)面(mian)切(qie)邊(bian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)拋(pao)光加工(gong)(gong)(gong)結束后(hou)，可(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)(yong)金剛石鋸片切(qie)割(ge)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)兩個端(duan)面(mian)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)長度(du)尺寸(cun)達到成品尺寸(cun)要求(qiu)。必須注意(yi)，切(qie)割(ge)后(hou)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)與其(qi)(qi)軸(zhou)線的(de)(de)夾角(jiao)應(ying)該(gai)略小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)90度(du)，重慶石材加工(gong)(gong)(gong)這樣(yang)在安(an)裝時(shi)，接縫才能小(xiao)而(er)美觀。

在(zai)兩個(ge)相互垂直(zhi)在(zai)內的(de)方向鋪(pu)兩條(tiao)(tiao)干砂道路，讓他的(de)寬(kuan)度要(yao)(yao)大(da)于板(ban)(ban)寬(kuan)的(de)寬(kuan)度，厚度要(yao)(yao)大(da)于3cm。結合(he)施工(gong)大(da)樣圖及景觀鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)分區實際尺寸，把鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)板(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)排好，重(zhong)慶青石板(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)以便檢(jian)查板(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)之間的(de)縫隙，核對(dui)(dui)板(ban)(ban)塊(kuai)與墻(qiang)面、柱(zhu)、洞口、樹池、側緣石、平緣石邊等部位的(de)相對(dui)(dui)位置。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾石材(cai)(cai)具備(bei)的(de)基(ji)本條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)具備(bei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾石材(cai)(cai)必須(xu)符合(he)3條(tiao)(tiao)基(ji)本條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。①有(you)外在(zai)美學(xue)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾性。這(zhe)是從視(shi)覺和人的(de)欣賞(shang)、歷史文化角度認識的(de)，重(zhong)慶青石板(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)各個(ge)民族、地(di)域(yu)、習(xi)慣、喜好不同(tong)，使(shi)用的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾石材(cai)(cai)色彩、種類也(ye)不同(tong)，重(zhong)慶青石板(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)但不管怎樣只要(yao)(yao)是作為裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修使(shi)用就必須(xu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮石材(cai)(cai)的(de)外在(zai)美觀。這(zhe)是設計(ji)、選擇裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾石材(cai)(cai)的(de)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)因素。

十堰建筑雕刻白（A級）石材廠在家(jia)居(ju)裝(zhuang)飾方面，人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)材優(you)越(yue)于(yu)一般(ban)傳統建(jian)材所沒有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)酸(suan)、耐(nai)堿(jian)、耐(nai)冷熱、抗沖擊(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，作為(wei)一種(zhong)質感(gan)佳、色(se)彩(cai)(cai)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飾材，不(bu)(bu)僅能美化(hua)(hua)是(shi)內外裝(zhuang)飾，滿足其(qi)設計上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)化(hua)(hua)需(xu)求(qiu)，更能為(wei)建(jian)筑師(shi)(shi)和設計師(shi)(shi)提供極為(wei)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空(kong)間，以(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)空(kong)間，表(biao)(biao)達自(zi)然感(gan)覺(jue)。人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)材可(ke)(ke)以(yi)根據不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)配(pei)方做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)一種(zhong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)物，因其(qi)特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)份，使它很(hen)難被磨損，又由(you)于(yu)顏色(se)和圖案(an)深及材料表(biao)(biao)里，因此(ci)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對才(cai)質中(zhong)凹紋、缺(que)口或刮痕甚(shen)至比較嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損，只(zhi)要采取相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法進(jin)行(xing)翻新，便可(ke)(ke)回復如(ru)初，向新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一樣(yang)。許多家(jia)庭在居(ju)室的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廚房和衛生間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)修中(zhong)都(dou)采用了人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)材作臺(tai)面。由(you)于(yu)人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)材是(shi)模仿天然大理(li)(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面紋理(li)(li)(li)加工而成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，具(ju)有類似大理(li)(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理(li)(li)(li)特(te)點(dian)，在硬度、光澤(ze)及耐(nai)磨性上都(dou)比天然大理(li)(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)好，這種(zhong)樹脂(zhi)黏度低，易于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)型、固化(hua)(hua)快(kuai)，可(ke)(ke)在常溫下固化(hua)(hua)。而且，人造(zao)石(shi)(shi)材色(se)澤(ze)、紋理(li)(li)(li)細膩(ni)，花紋圖案(an)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)由(you)設計者自(zi)行(xing)控制(zhi)確定，可(ke)(ke)任(ren)意塑造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)100多種(zhong)色(se)彩(cai)(cai)斑(ban)斕、感(gan)覺(jue)優(you)雅(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)品種(zhong)。豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)彩(cai)(cai)想象(xiang)、天然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)素和不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)材質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合可(ke)(ke)以(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)出繽紛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)系。