復(fu)合(he)結構(gou)復(fu)合(he)阻(zu)尼(ni)結構(gou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)減(jian)振降(jiang)(jiang)噪工(gong)程結構(gou)上(shang)也開始(shi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，它(ta)是(shi)薄彈性(xing)材料將幾層(ceng)(ceng)板粘結在(zai)(zai)(zai)一起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)具有(you)高阻(zu)尼(ni)特(te)(te)性(xing)，并(bing)保持金屬板材料強度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)束(shu)阻(zu)尼(ni)層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)，阻(zu)尼(ni)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為0.10mm。在(zai)(zai)(zai)常溫(wen)(wen)和高溫(wen)(wen)（80—100℃）下具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)尼(ni)特(te)(te)性(xing)，它(ta)對振動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)散(san)，從一般(ban)(ban)普通彈性(xing)變形(xing)作功力消(xiao)耗(hao)，提高為高彈性(xing)體變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)做功消(xiao)耗(hao)，使變形(xing)滯后(hou)應(ying)力的(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)增(zeng)加(jia)，另外，這種約(yue)束(shu)阻(zu)尼(ni)結構(gou)拉(la)壓變形(xing)所消(xiao)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)，消(xiao)耗(hao)因子一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.3以(yi)上(shang)，大(da)峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.85，并(bing)且是(shi)有(you)寬頻帶控制特(te)(te)性(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)頻率范圍內(nei)起(qi)到抑制峰(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)基(ji)(ji)體常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)阻(zu)尼(ni)層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)為2層(ceng)(ceng)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)復(fu)合(he)阻(zu)尼(ni)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)基(ji)(ji)體有(you)如下特(te)(te)點：（1）鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)校平及(ji)應(ying)力的(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)難度(du)(du)很(hen)大(da)；（2）生產效(xiao)率較低，成(cheng)本較高；（3）加(jia)工(gong)處理(li)技(ji)術不(bu)當(dang)，基(ji)(ji)體會(hui)缺乏軸向剛性(xing)。安裝及(ji)使用(yong)(yong)方法(fa)降(jiang)(jiang)噪1、夾(jia)(jia)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)改造降(jiang)(jiang)噪（1）在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)影響鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)切(qie)高度(du)(du)前提下，應(ying)盡量(liang)加(jia)大(da)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)(jia)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)，這樣可以(yi)提高鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)剛性(xing)，減(jian)少彎(wan)曲振動(dong)(dong)，對降(jiang)(jiang)低振動(dong)(dong)噪聲(sheng)是(shi)及(ji)其有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)，實驗研究證明，當(dang)夾(jia)(jia)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)加(jia)大(da)到鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)3/4倍(bei)時(shi)，減(jian)噪佳。（2）為了增(zeng)加(jia)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)，使其受力均勻，在(zai)(zai)(zai)夾(jia)(jia)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)上(shang)開一圈槽，嵌入橡膠條或軟金屬。

石材(cai)鋪裝(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)首要清潔石材(cai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，使(shi)其清潔單調再(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)板刷（毛(mao)刷）或滾筒(tong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)石材(cai)的(de)反、正面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)及四(si)立面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)刷兩遍水溶(rong)性(xing)防(fang)滲劑(ji)(ji)。為獲(huo)得佳效(xiao)果(guo)，應使(shi)一層徹(che)底進入基材(cai)后(hou)（1-2小時(shi)(shi)）再(zai)(zai)刷二(er)遍。做完(wan)防(fang)滲處置起碼保護24小時(shi)(shi)后(hou)才(cai)華鋪裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。5、石材(cai)鋪裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)應留縫(feng)鋪貼（竹編馬(ma)賽克等在(zai)外(wai)(wai)）。6、為加強黏(nian)貼的(de)健壯性(xing)及抗污性(xing)，建議運用(yong)(yong)粘結劑(ji)(ji)鋪貼。7、淡(dan)色石材(cai)請(qing)運用(yong)(yong)淡(dan)色填(tian)逢(feng)劑(ji)(ji)。8、板巖(yan)類石材(cai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是運用(yong)(yong)分外(wai)(wai)剝離(li)技能制成，所以每片之(zhi)間存在(zai)薄(bo)厚不均表(biao)(biao)象。因其表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)較粗(cu)糙，填(tian)逢(feng)之(zhi)間請(qing)用(yong)(yong)軟布在(zai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)抹擦少量食用(yong)(yong)油再(zai)(zai)填(tian)逢(feng)，以便于(yu)收(shou)拾填(tian)逢(feng)劑(ji)(ji)。注(zhu)：填(tian)逢(feng)時(shi)(shi)要邊填(tian)邊用(yong)(yong)濕(shi)毛(mao)巾擦，不宜大面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積鋪裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou)再(zai)(zai)擦。9、砂巖(yan)產品表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沙(sha)孔較多(duo)，填(tian)縫(feng)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)運用(yong)(yong)寬膠帶(dai)對(dui)穩(wen)中有(you)降縫(feng)和周(zhou)圍進行貼蓋(gai)，然后(hou)把縫(feng)隙處的(de)膠帶(dai)割開后(hou)再(zai)(zai)填(tian)縫(feng)，避免填(tian)縫(feng)劑(ji)(ji)黏(nian)于(yu)石材(cai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不宜收(shou)拾。

九龍坡偉奇石材公司在兩個相(xiang)互垂直在內的(de)(de)(de)方向鋪兩條干(gan)砂道路，讓他的(de)(de)(de)寬度(du)要大于(yu)板(ban)寬的(de)(de)(de)寬度(du)，厚(hou)度(du)要大于(yu)3cm。結合施工(gong)大樣圖(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)景觀鋪裝分區(qu)實際尺寸，把(ba)鋪裝板(ban)塊排好，重(zhong)慶青石板(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)以(yi)便檢查板(ban)塊之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)縫隙，核對板(ban)塊與(yu)(yu)墻面(mian)(mian)、柱、洞口、樹池、側(ce)緣石、平緣石邊等部位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對位(wei)置。石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)挑(tiao)選與(yu)(yu)辨別的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)個必知(zhi)要點(dian)根據(ju)偉(wei)奇建(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)經驗，對于(yu)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)挑(tiao)選與(yu)(yu)辨別的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)個必知(zhi)要點(dian)：一、色(se)(se)調(diao)；二(er)、裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu)(tu)與(yu)(yu)環境影(ying)響；三(san)(san)、辨識飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量。接下來(lai)偉(wei)奇建(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為大家介紹：一、色(se)(se)調(diao)天然(ran)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)除需(xu)考慮色(se)(se)調(diao)選擇外，重(zhong)慶石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)欄桿(gan)還要考慮建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)功能。在家居中，客廳及(ji)(ji)臥室的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)選用(yong)(yong)偏暖的(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)調(diao)，以(yi)顯示溫暖、舒適的(de)(de)(de)情調(diao)；而用(yong)(yong)于(yu)衛(wei)生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)、廚房的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)選用(yong)(yong)素淡雅(ya)潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)偏冷色(se)(se)調(diao)，以(yi)顯示出清潔(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng)。二(er)、裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu)(tu)與(yu)(yu)環境影(ying)響由(you)于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)天然(ran)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)不(bu)同，所以(yi)選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)類型(xing)(xing)也不(bu)同。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)室外建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時，需(xu)經受水期風吹雨淋日曬，花崗(gang)石因為不(bu)含有碳酸鹽，重(zhong)慶石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)欄桿(gan)吸水率(lv)小(xiao)，抗風化(hua)能力(li)強，好選用(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)花崗(gang)石石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)；用(yong)(yong)于(yu)廳堂(tang)地面(mian)(mian)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，要求其物(wu)理化(hua)學性能穩(wen)定，機械(xie)強度(du)高，應首選花崗(gang)石類石材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)；用(yong)(yong)于(yu)墻裙及(ji)(ji)家居臥室地面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，機械(xie)強度(du)稍(shao)差，宜(yi)選用(yong)(yong)具有美麗(li)圖(tu)(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)大理石。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)觀(guan)：肉眼觀(guan)察(cha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)結構石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞肉眼即(ji)能(neng)分辨，好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)面(mian)細(xi)(xi)致光(guang)滑，質量(liang)(liang)(liang)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)面(mian)粗糙不(bu)平(ping)，表(biao)面(mian)呈顆(ke)粒狀組(zu)合。此外，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)邊緣也要(yao)(yao)仔細(xi)(xi)觀(guan)察(cha)，是否(fou)有(you)缺口，細(xi)(xi)微的(de)(de)(de)(de)裂痕等(deng)，對日(ri)后使用有(you)著不(bu)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。二量(liang)(liang)(liang)：量(liang)(liang)(liang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)規格在(zai)買(mai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)前，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)先量(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao)裝修尺寸(cun)，然(ran)后購(gou)買(mai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)時也要(yao)(yao)對石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)進行測量(liang)(liang)(liang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)買(mai)合適(shi)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，以免后續石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)夠需(xu)要(yao)(yao)拼接，這(zhe)樣(yang)極其影(ying)響美觀(guan)度。三聽：聽石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敲(qiao)擊(ji)聲音一(yi)(yi)(yi)般好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)敲(qiao)擊(ji)起來聲音十分清(qing)脆(cui)，原(yuan)因是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內(nei)部質地(di)(di)均勻無裂隙；相反(fan)，質量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)敲(qiao)擊(ji)聲音相當(dang)粗啞，因其質地(di)(di)不(bu)勻且里面(mian)很可能(neng)存在(zai)裂隙。四試：用簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)方法(fa)來檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao)壞墨(mo)水滴(di)滲法(fa)是很常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，將一(yi)(yi)(yi)小滴(di)墨(mo)水滴(di)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)背面(mian)，若深(shen)入石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內(nei)部則說(shuo)明石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質地(di)(di)不(bu)細(xi)(xi)致，是質量(liang)(liang)(liang)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，反(fan)之(zhi)，若不(bu)能(neng)滲入則說(shuo)面(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)較好(hao)。

石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)墻面(mian)有橫(heng)縫時（如V字縫，凹(ao)槽）時，陰(yin)角(jiao)收(shou)口(kou)均需(xu)45度(du)（角(jiao)度(du)稍小(xiao)于(yu)45度(du)，以利于(yu)拼接(jie)(jie)）拼接(jie)(jie)對角(jiao)處理(li)(li)，應在工(gong)(gong)廠內(nei)加工(gong)(gong)完成。4、石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)檢修(xiu)門(men)：（1）石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)暗門(men)需(xu)采用(yong)熱鍍(du)鋅角(jiao)剛，角(jiao)鋼(gang)大小(xiao)及(ji)滾珠軸(zhou)承大小(xiao)根(gen)據門(men)體的(de)自(zi)重選定，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)部位(wei)(wei)作防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)處理(li)(li)。（2）石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)干掛或安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，門(men)邊(bian)、框(kuang)邊(bian)切割面(mian)需(xu)拋光處理(li)(li)，鋼(gang)架(jia)面(mian)采用(yong)防(fang)潮板包封。（3）門(men)與(yu)框(kuang)之(zhi)間安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)限位(wei)(wei)鏈。5、鋼(gang)架(jia)臺(tai)盆(pen)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)注意(yi)防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)等的(de)處理(li)(li)：（1）臺(tai)盆(pen)鐵甲須采用(yong)國標鍍(du)鋅角(jiao)鋼(gang)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)處做防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)處理(li)(li)。（2）臺(tai)盆(pen)固定于(yu)固定構件上，固定構建與(yu)石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)墊塊用(yong)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)或鍍(du)鋅螺栓(shuan)固定，墊塊背面(mian)及(ji)臺(tai)面(mian)粘結(jie)部位(wei)(wei)需(xu)經打(da)毛處理(li)(li)用(yong)大理(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)粘接(jie)(jie)固定，臺(tai)盆(pen)與(yu)固定構件連接(jie)(jie)處需(xu)用(yong)橡皮墊塊，臺(tai)盆(pen)與(yu)臺(tai)面(mian)板下沿(yan)口(kou)用(yong)耐候膠(jiao)密(mi)封。

天然(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)也(ye)稱(cheng)頁巖(yan)(yan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、青石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，是(shi)對天然(ran)(ran)板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)做房(fang)頂(ding)蓋瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)通俗稱(cheng)法(fa)，規范術(shu)語(yu)為(wei)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)。據考證，在我國的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)巖(yan)(yan)之(zhi)鄉”陜西(xi)紫陽縣(xian)，自先(xian)秦(qin)時刻(ke)就(jiu)開始(shi)用(yong)(yong)板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)擋風蓋房(fang)頂(ding)，至今還無缺的(de)(de)(de)保存著(zhu)許多古拙(zhuo)秀(xiu)美的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)民居。重慶青石(shi)(shi)(shi)欄桿因(yin)為(wei)加(jia)工業的(de)(de)(de)落(luo)后，數百年來，歐美國度(du)對板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)舉(ju)辦(ban)深(shen)加(jia)工后廣泛(fan)(fan)運用(yong)(yong)于修建屋面，從博物館、教堂到市政廳、城堡等高級修建，黑色(se)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)屋面已經(jing)成為(wei)歐洲修建的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)之(zhi)一(yi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)不是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)而是(shi)天然(ran)(ran)板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(也(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)板(ban)(ban)巖(yan)(yan))，板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)大理石(shi)(shi)(shi)、花崗巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)等相同(tong)(tong)是(shi)天然(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種，其大特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)具有天然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)劈理，能夠用(yong)(yong)手工或機械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)將(jiang)其劈分隔，所(suo)以(yi)修建板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)產品的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面都(dou)未經(jing)機械(xie)打磨(mo)，具有古拙(zhuo)天然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面特(te)征(zheng)。因(yin)為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)蛻變(bian)效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)不一(yi)樣，板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)中一(yi)有些優質材(cai)料(liao)能夠被加(jia)工成屋面蓋瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，這些板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)一(yi)般被稱(cheng)為(wei)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)巖(yan)(yan)，不能做瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)被加(jia)工成飾(shi)面板(ban)(ban)，用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)墻面、地上的(de)(de)(de)潤飾(shi)。重慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)加(jia)工廠石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)都(dou)很(hen)硬(ying)，一(yi)同(tong)(tong)又因(yin)為(wei)其顏色(se)秀(xiu)美，形式多樣，所(suo)以(yi)在日(ri)子中得到了廣泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)，運用(yong)(yong)數量也(ye)越來越大，在咱們(men)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)子中效果(guo)也(ye)被逐步大拓(tuo)展，跟(gen)著(zhu)修建業的(de)(de)(de)翻(fan)開以(yi)及裝(zhuang)修裝(zhuang)修工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)跋(ba)涉，已經(jing)成為(wei)很(hen)廣泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)修建運用(yong)(yong)材(cai)料(liao)。