一(yi)(yi)觀(guan):肉(rou)(rou)眼觀(guan)察(cha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)結構石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)好(hao)(hao)壞肉(rou)(rou)眼即能(neng)分辨,好(hao)(hao)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表面(mian)(mian)細(xi)(xi)致(zhi)光滑,質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)差的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表面(mian)(mian)粗糙不平(ping),表面(mian)(mian)呈顆粒(li)狀組合。此外(wai),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)邊緣(yuan)也(ye)要(yao)仔(zi)細(xi)(xi)觀(guan)察(cha),是否有缺口,細(xi)(xi)微的(de)裂(lie)痕等,對(dui)日(ri)后(hou)使用有著(zhu)不小的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。二量(liang):量(liang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)規格在買石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之前,一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)先(xian)量(liang)好(hao)(hao)裝修尺(chi)寸(cun),然后(hou)購(gou)買石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)時也(ye)要(yao)對(dui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)進(jin)行測量(liang),一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要(yao)買合適尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de),以免(mian)后(hou)續石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不夠需(xu)要(yao)拼接,這樣極(ji)其(qi)影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)美觀(guan)度。三聽:聽石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)敲擊(ji)聲音(yin)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)好(hao)(hao)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)敲擊(ji)起來聲音(yin)十分清脆(cui),原因是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內(nei)部質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地均勻(yun)無裂(lie)隙;相(xiang)反,質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不好(hao)(hao)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)敲擊(ji)聲音(yin)相(xiang)當粗啞,因其(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地不勻(yun)且里(li)面(mian)(mian)很(hen)可能(neng)存(cun)在裂(lie)隙。四試:用簡單(dan)的(de)試驗方法來檢(jian)驗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)(hao)壞墨水滴滲(shen)法是很(hen)常用的(de)檢(jian)驗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)方法,將一(yi)(yi)小滴墨水滴在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)背面(mian)(mian),若(ruo)深入石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內(nei)部則(ze)(ze)說(shuo)明石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地不細(xi)(xi)致(zhi),是質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)差的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),反之,若(ruo)不能(neng)滲(shen)入則(ze)(ze)說(shuo)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)較好(hao)(hao)。
毛(mao)(mao)邊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)毛(mao)(mao)邊重(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)是根據(ju)(ju)計(ji)劃或(huo)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)需(xu)要,在(zai)已開掘或(huo)切開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外表(biao)進行加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)品種(zhong)有(you)粗鑿(zao)(zao)光(guang)(guang)(一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)做鑿(zao)(zao))、細(xi)鑿(zao)(zao)光(guang)(guang)(二步(bu)(bu)做鑿(zao)(zao),或(huo)稱(cheng)點(dian)光(guang)(guang)、豆光(guang)(guang)、瞪砂地(di))、一(yi)(yi)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)光(guang)(guang)(一(yi)(yi)遍(bian)(bian)剁斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、二斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)光(guang)(guang)(二遍(bian)(bian)剁斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、三斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)光(guang)(guang)(三遍(bian)(bian)剁斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu))、機刨光(guang)(guang)、亞光(guang)(guang)(粗磨光(guang)(guang))、細(xi)磨光(guang)(guang)等幾(ji)種(zhong)。傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是在(zai)毛(mao)(mao)坯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(荒(huang)料)、條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上進行分品種(zhong)、分層(ceng)次加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),根據(ju)(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)需(xu)要有(you)粗鑿(zao)(zao)光(guang)(guang)至細(xi)磨光(guang)(guang)逐遍(bian)(bian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。例如(ru),用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)需(xu)要二斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)光(guang)(guang),須經粗鑿(zao)(zao)、細(xi)鑿(zao)(zao)、一(yi)(yi)遍(bian)(bian)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、二遍(bian)(bian)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)才行。根據(ju)(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要,重(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主要由以(yi)下幾(ji)種(zhong)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng):(1)毛(mao)(mao)坯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)筑方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)。(2)墻面線槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)。(3)線(腳)條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)。(4)圓形柱或(huo)柱座加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)(不(bu)管全體或(huo)拼裝)。(5)建筑飾面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花飾、雕琢(zhuo)(即浮雕、圓雕)。(6)蘑(mo)菇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)天然(ran)面(劈(pi)毛(mao)(mao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技能(neng)(用(yong)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)作)。重(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)你(ni)解析傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)由于加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術捆綁,以(yi)及(ji)要作為(wei)承重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)構(gou)件,所以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)品一(yi)(yi)般比照(zhao)厚重(zhong)、粗糙,但這些石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)品難以(yi)日益翻開和(he)精雕細(xi)鏤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。
有規(gui)模儲(chu)量,可工業化(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)采(cai)。裝飾(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模儲(chu)量是(shi)該品(pin)(pin)種能(neng)否(fou)適合工業化(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)采(cai)的(de)(de)(de)前提條(tiao)件(jian),沒有規(gui)模儲(chu)量無法進(jin)行工業化(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)采(cai),其市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)持久性(xing)就(jiu)差,重(zhong)(zhong)慶青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)材經(jing)濟成本(ben)就(jiu)高,形不成品(pin)(pin)牌。③理(li)化(hua)(hua)(hua)性(xing)能(neng)符合建(jian)筑(zhu)與裝飾(shi)(shi)要(yao)求。(本(ben)書已有專門的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)目介紹其應符合的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)要(yao)求)裝飾(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材與建(jian)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別在(zai)于多(duo)了裝飾(shi)(shi)性(xing),重(zhong)(zhong)慶青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)材這是(shi)它和(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)區(qu)別。重(zhong)(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)材加工之飾(shi)(shi)面石(shi)(shi)(shi)材的(de)(de)(de)加工重(zhong)(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)材加工開(kai)采(cai)出來的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材需送(song)往加l J,按(an)照設(she)訓所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格及表而(er)肌(ji)理(li),加l堿存類板(ban)(ban)材及一(yi)此特殊規(gui)格形狀的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)。荒(huang)料加l成板(ban)(ban)材后,表而(er)還要(yao)進(jin)行加l處(chu)理(li):機(ji)器研(yan)磨、火焰(yan)燒毛(mao)、鑿毛(mao)等。
隨州裝修天然石材服務商在家居裝飾(shi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),人(ren)造(zao)石材(cai)(cai)優越(yue)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般傳統(tong)建材(cai)(cai)所沒有(you)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)(nai)酸、耐(nai)(nai)堿、耐(nai)(nai)冷熱(re)、抗沖(chong)擊的(de)(de)(de)特點,作為一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質感佳、色(se)彩(cai)(cai)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)飾(shi)材(cai)(cai),不(bu)僅能(neng)美化(hua)是內外裝飾(shi),滿(man)足其(qi)設(she)(she)計上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)需(xu)求,更(geng)能(neng)為建筑(zhu)師和(he)設(she)(she)計師提供極為廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計空間(jian),以(yi)創造(zao)空間(jian),表(biao)達自然(ran)感覺。人(ren)造(zao)石材(cai)(cai)可以(yi)根據不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)要求配方(fang)做成(cheng)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)合成(cheng)物,因(yin)其(qi)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)成(cheng)份,使(shi)它很難(nan)被磨(mo)損,又由(you)于(yu)(yu)顏色(se)和(he)圖(tu)案(an)深及材(cai)(cai)料表(biao)里,因(yin)此,可以(yi)對才質中(zhong)凹(ao)紋(wen)、缺口或刮痕甚至比較嚴重的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損,只要采取相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)辦法進(jin)行(xing)翻新(xin)(xin),便可回復如(ru)初(chu),向新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)樣(yang)。許(xu)多(duo)家庭在居室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)廚房和(he)衛生(sheng)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)裝修中(zhong)都采用(yong)了人(ren)造(zao)石材(cai)(cai)作臺面(mian)(mian)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)造(zao)石材(cai)(cai)是模仿(fang)天(tian)然(ran)大(da)理(li)石的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)紋(wen)理(li)加工(gong)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),具(ju)有(you)類似大(da)理(li)石的(de)(de)(de)機理(li)特點,在硬度、光澤及耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)上(shang)都比天(tian)然(ran)大(da)理(li)石好,這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹脂(zhi)黏度低,易于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)型、固(gu)化(hua)快,可在常溫下固(gu)化(hua)。而且,人(ren)造(zao)石材(cai)(cai)色(se)澤、紋(wen)理(li)細膩,花紋(wen)圖(tu)案(an)可以(yi)由(you)設(she)(she)計者(zhe)自行(xing)控制確(que)定(ding),可任(ren)意塑造(zao)成(cheng)100多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)色(se)彩(cai)(cai)斑斕、感覺優雅的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。豐富的(de)(de)(de)色(se)彩(cai)(cai)想象、天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)色(se)素和(he)不(bu)同材(cai)(cai)質的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合可以(yi)創造(zao)出繽(bin)紛的(de)(de)(de)色(se)系。
清理過程中,清縫(feng)片必(bi)須與石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)保持(chi)90度垂(chui)直,否則會(hui)導致(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)崩邊。石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)拼(pin)花,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種很精致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術品(pin)。以(yi)上(shang)注(zhu)意事項,旨在防止破壞其整(zheng)體裝(zhuang)飾(shi)效(xiao)果。比如(ru),清縫(feng)時切過頭或切串縫(feng),很不(bu)(bu)美觀,影響裝(zhuang)飾(shi)效(xiao)果。調膠標準將膠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)調到(dao)(dao)與石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)高度一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。方法用云石(shi)(shi)(shi)膠+水膠或透明膠,不(bu)(bu)停攪拌,將膠調得(de)稀一(yi)(yi)些。原因是(shi)拼(pin)花的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縫(feng)隙非常(chang)小(xiao),又不(bu)(bu)能拓寬(kuan),必(bi)須增強(qiang)膠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)性,才能有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲入。技巧和(he)注(zhu)意事項加入天(tian)然色(se)(se)粉(fen)在調整(zheng)膠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)時,可視需求(qiu),加入天(tian)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無機(ji)色(se)(se)粉(fen),如(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粉(fen),是(shi)天(tian)然礦物(wu)中提取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi),可以(yi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)與石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)非常(chang)接(jie)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。不(bu)(bu)推薦加入有(you)機(ji)顏(yan)(yan)料,原因是(shi)人工(gong)顏(yan)(yan)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)澤比較純粹,無法很好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模擬自然色(se)(se)澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然石(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)。選技術好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人要選擇操作熟練,顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)分辨能力強(qiang),又有(you)高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任心(xin)和(he)耐(nai)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人,以(yi)對(dui)待(dai)藝術品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度來操作。
辨識飾(shi)面石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量(liang)加工好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)飾(shi)面石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),其(qi)質量(liang)好(hao)壞不可以從以下四方面來鑒別;⑴觀,即(ji)(ji)肉眼(yan)觀察(cha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面結構。一(yi)(yi)般說來,均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)細料結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)具有細膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)質感,為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之佳品(pin);粗(cu)(cu)粒(li)及不等粒(li)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)其(qi)外觀效果較差,重慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)機械力學(xue)性能也不均(jun)(jun)勻,質量(liang)稍差。另外,天然石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)由于地質作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響常在(zai)其(qi)中(zhong)產生一(yi)(yi)些細脈、微裂隙(xi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)易(yi)沿這些部(bu)(bu)位發生破裂,應注意剔除。至于缺棱少角更是影響美觀,選擇時尤應注意。⑵量(liang),即(ji)(ji)量(liang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)規格,重慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)欄(lan)(lan)桿(gan)以免影響拼接,或(huo)造成(cheng)(cheng)拼接后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖案、花(hua)紋、線條變形,影響裝飾(shi)效果。⑶聽(ting),即(ji)(ji)聽(ting)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敲(qiao)擊聲音。一(yi)(yi)般而言,質量(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de),內(nei)部(bu)(bu)致密均(jun)(jun)勻且無(wu)顯(xian)微裂隙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),其(qi)敲(qiao)擊聲清脆悅耳;相反,若石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)存(cun)在(zai)顯(xian)微裂隙(xi)或(huo)細脈或(huo)因風化(hua)導致顆粒(li)間接觸變松(song),則敲(qiao)擊聲粗(cu)(cu)啞。⑷試,即(ji)(ji)用簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗方法來檢驗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質量(liang)好(hao)壞。